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Pravicový populismus v Itálii a Německu po roce 2000
Repin, Artem
This work is devoted to a comprehensive comparative analysis of right-wing political organizations in Italy and Germany in the 21st century. The thesis uses a quantitative research method in which conclusions are drawn both through historical analysis and through modern internal political changes taking place in the countries under review. Chronological period of work 2000-2022 The theoretical part of the work contains a retrospective, comprehensive analysis of the formation and development of right-wing political ideas within the framework of the most active and significant parties for each of the countries under consideration. Their appearance, changes and adaptation to different periods of the new post-war system of relations based on the peculiarities of the political climate of the respective European countries. The analytical part is devoted to the key factors and tools thanks to which the right-wing movements in Italy and Germany can gain the trust of an increasing number of citizens. The work also includes a description of the methods of non-systemic political activism that influence the formation of public opinion and the subsequent civic choice of right-wing populist movements. Features of the current domestic political climate of countries, potential long-term consequences and foreseeable challenges of the current liberal democratic model are studied.
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The response of Dutch political journalists to the counter-narrative from right-wing populist parties PVV and FvD to the securitization of COVID-19
Wagemaker, Puck Anne ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Dimitrov, Michal (referee)
This study explored how political journalists enact the counter-response from right-wing populist parties PVV and FvD to the securitization of COVID-19 in the Netherlands. The study conducted seven semi-structured interviews with Dutch political journalists from various media about their journalistic roles. This role decides how much and in what way the resistance from populist parties to the securitization of COVID-19 is given a platform in the media. Built upon pre-consisting concepts and definitions of the journalistic role, the findings of the study show that while a clear discrepancy is visible between the two parties, the journalists predominantly enact the counter-reaction of both PVV and FvD in an educational role - in which the journalists aim to give more context to the news. Aside from this, the study found that within the gatekeeper role - next to solely opening and closing the gates -, a third stage exists within this role. While the gates closed for FvD due to denying the existence of the virus, certain exceptions still opened the gates for the party due to the opposing character of the party. Keywords Securitization, right-wing populism, COVID-19, journalism, journalistic role, The Netherlands, Partij voor de Vrijheid [PVV], Forum voor Democratie [FvD]
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Jörg Haider's impact on the Austrian Free Party (FPÖ)
Floder, Daniel ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Lizcová, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the impact of Jörg Haider on the development and changes of Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) mainly in the time of his chairmanship of the party on the federal level between the years 1986 and 2000, when the small party, troubled by infighting between the German-nationalist and the liberal wing, gradually transformed into a practically unified right-wing populist party. The aim of this thesis is to define the influence Haider had on his party given the party's exponential rise in popularity, a trend that culminated in the federal election of 1999, where the FPÖ won a staggering 26,9 % of votes. The research therefore focuses on Haider's personality and party governance, which includes his way of making decisions within the party, pushing through his ideas, dealing with the opposition of his party colleagues, and, last but not least, his political and ideological directing of the party. Haider's behaviour within the party, and in public, is also analysed in the thesis, with regards to the behaviour of the other members of the FPÖ. The thesis also deals with other time periods of Haider's life and the FPÖ's existence. One of these periods is the time before Haider became the chairman of the FPÖ to bring a better contextualization and understanding of the ideological...
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Anti-islamic movements in eastern Germany: PEGIDA and its Development
Mojžíš, Radek ; Emler, David (advisor) ; Handl, Vladimír (referee)
This master thesis deals with the development of the protest movement PEGIDA, which was founded on October 11. 2014 in Dresden. This movement speaks loudly against the Islamization of Germany during the regular demonstrations and criticizes the political situation in the country. In times of its greatest popularity it has attracted thousands of people. Nowadays its importance is still diminishing. The aim is therefore to describe the development of the movement and its characteristics. The work is divided into four main chapters. The first one explains the development in Saxony, the second one describes the development of the movement and its programmatics. It also contains the change of relationship towards Alternative für Deutschland (AfD): from an animosity into an open collaboration. PEGIDA was created as a Facebook group: with tools like Google Trends and Fanpage Karma this chapter analyzes its evolution in an online world. It also shows a declining search rate on Google and its popularity on Facebook. The last chapter is based on studies conducted among demonstrators concerning their demographic data and their views on the functioning of democracy and politics. It follows that most Pegidists do not believe in political representation and see an AfD as an alternative. The stagnation of the...
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Lost Children of Europe: European Union and Unaccompanied Migrant Children
Abuselidze, Salome ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Stepanovic, Vera (referee)
The issue of unaccompanied migrant children (UAM) in the European Union is one of the most acknowledged and one of the most under researched topics. Close to 100,000 minors arrived in Europe in 2015 alone, without parents or guardians. And more than 10,000 disappeared shortly after. These children have been and continue to be under high risk of human trafficking, child labour, sexual and physical abuse, and exploitation of some other kinds. It has been 6 years since the initial crisis, but the statistics are not getting better. Tendency remains as close to 19,000 UAMs have perished in the past 3 years, which accounts to 17 disappearances a day. Despite the European Union's commitment to protect the rights of UAMs, the conditions of these children are dire. In some member states the situation is so much poorer, that basic human rights are violated. This raises the following questions: Q1: Why does the EU struggle to adopt common policies on unaccompanied migrant children? Q2: How does the EU contribute to the disappearance of UAMs? Qualitative and quantitative data, as well as large amount of primary and secondary sources help navigate through the problem of UAMs. Content analysis of European media contributes to the illustration of perceptions towards migration and unaccompanied children. Social...
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"Most people don't mind global warming": Climate change denial in Czech politics between the years 2018 - 2021
Růžičková, Dagmar ; Švantner, Martin (advisor) ; Řehořová, Irena (referee)
"Most people don't mind global warming": Climate change denial in Czech politics between the years 2018 - 2021 This thesis deals with the topic of climate change denial in contemporary Czech politics. It aims to describe how the narrative of climate change denial is formed and reproduced. The first part captures the origins and the background of climate change scepticism in both Czech and international context with the special stress laid upon ideology. Based on the critical discourse analysis of the rhetorics of Alexandr Vondra, Jan Zahradník, Václav Klaus Jr., and Tomio Okamura, the second part of this paper aims to contribute by unravelling the key symptoms of climate change denial discourse of the above mentioned politicians as well as the dominant frames and discursive strategies used to deny both the anthropogenic climate change and the climate change politics. The last goal of the analysis is to describe in what aspects the linguistic means of selected right-wing populists differ or intertwine with the language of right-wing conservatives. Keywords: climate change denial, right-wing populism, climate policy, discourse, rhetorics
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Neo-feudalism and Neo-traditionalism: the Intersection of Cultural Discourse and Economic Policies in Fidesz's Hungary
Baldinger, Mackenzie Christine ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Shaev, Brian (referee)
This thesis examines the intersection of cultural discourse and economic policies of the Hungarian populist radical right party, Fidesz. It classifies the cultural discourse of the governing party as neo-traditionalist by examining how the party's leader, Viktor Orbán, rhetorically shapes his vision of the nation, espouses traditional values, and uses missionary politics to create a personalized moral code under the guise of cultural Christianity. It examines the government's economic policies of nationalization and re-privatization, crony capitalism, and national work program within a neo-feudalist classification. This research finds that the neo-feudalist economic policies of Fidesz serve as a reinforcement mechanism that legitimizes the cultural discourse espoused by Orbán. Furthermore, the neo-feudal economy is reshaping the social system into a highly centralized and hierarchical structure and having lasting macroeconomic effects, including demographic issues and increasing levels of wealth inequality. This emerging illiberal model of governance is not only reshaping Hungary's political, economic, and social systems, but also contributing to a larger movement away from the tenets of liberal democracy within CEE. Keywords Neo-traditionalism, Neo-feudalism, Delayed transformational fatigue,...
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Right-wing and left-wing populism in the 2017 French presidential election
Klinková, Karolína ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Tomalová, Eliška (referee)
The rise of populism is one of the most significant political phenomena of the last decade. Although populism has been studied from various perspectives, especially in recent years, there is still number of unresolved issues related to the phenomenon. One of them is a question of the relation between right-wing and left-wing populist policies. In this context, the thesis deals with the case of the 2017 French presidential election. In this vote, both right- wing populist Marine Le Pen and left-wing populist Jean-Luc Mélenchon achieved extraordinary political success. The thesis examines policy content of the selected thematic areas that the candidates were focusing on during the election campaign. It specifically examines electoral programs and media statements of the candidates as the sources of their policies. The thesis provides an analysis of the policy content of individual candidates, as well as a comparison of the policies in the selected thematic areas. Its main output is a description of the common and different features of the pre-election promises of the two selected populist politicians.
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The effects of economic crisis in rise and political success of right-wing populist parties in southern countries of EU
Brisku, Inxhi ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Arregui Moreno, Francisco Javier (referee)
This thesis tests one of the approaches that analyzes the rise of right-wing populist parties, "the economic crisis" approach. The core idea of this theory is that during an economic crisis, there is a rise of electoral support for the right-wing populist parties. The two case studies which are studied are the (Northern) League in Italy and the National Front/Rally in France. These analyses include a brief history of the said parties, their political profile, and the results in elections after the 2008-2009 financial crisis. As well as data on the profile of supporters of these parties and the reasons why they support these parties, and their views on some of the main political and social issues. From the data confrontation it is shown that there is no correlation between times of economic hardship, and the electoral success of these parties. And what is more important supporters of these parties also emphasize reasons related with identity rather than economic problems for supporting these parties. For economic issues they have a similar perception to the rest of the population. Keywords Populism, right-wing populism, populist parties, economic crisis, elections, identity.
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